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에볼루션사이트 Site The concept of natural selection as the foundation of evolution is the unifying force in modern biology. It connects disciplines such as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology. However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people about its fundamentals. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? The current conception of evolution focuses on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which enable them to thrive and reproduce in certain environments. They produce more offspring because of the positive characteristics. This can cause a genetic change which could eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the fittest” which means that people who are the most adapted to a specific environment will have an advantage over those who aren't adapted to the environment. This is just one of many ways that evolution could happen. Another way to use the word evolution is to suggest that a species will progress from one state to the next. This type of view of evolution could be referred to as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. This is not backed by the scientific definition of evolution. The scientific theory of evolutionary changes focuses on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result mutations that produce natural selection and genetic variation. Some scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this theory of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was only way the higher living forms could have evolved. In order for a concept to be considered a theory, it must be able to stand up to rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence of evolution has stood up to the test of time and has been backed by countless studies in a wide range of scientific disciplines, from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. In fact, evolution is accepted as one of the foundations of science today, and is supported by the vast majority of scientists across the globe. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically how it is related to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is an explanation for how living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established observable facts such as the fact that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive and that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits confer varying rates of survival and reproduction and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed on to the next generation. These observations are supported by the increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, climatology, functional morphology and geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. It is the most widely accepted and tested theory in the field of science. Its theories have been proven out by the fact that, for instance, more complex organisms are more likely to have less genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism becomes in terms of its longevity and reproducing, the more likely it will transfer its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it implies there is no purpose for life. Many scientists who are religious, like the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and can even be enhanced by it. In actual fact, a significant number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, including a few who are renowned evangelical Christian leaders, have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers have contributed to the understanding of a vast variety of phenomena such as phylogenetics, genomics, and the formation and purpose of fossils. The word “theory” which is often used incorrectly, refers to a scientific hypothesis that has been tested and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating the experiment or observations that resulted in them. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out and so have the theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the genetic makeup of different individuals within a species over time. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors those who are better adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have better chances of reproduction and survival. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes, they become more common in the general population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival for the fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genomic variation are the primary basis for evolutionary change. These mutations could occur at random or under the influence of the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele can vary from generation-to-generation. However, when an alteration is beneficial it will increase the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread throughout the population. These changes in allele frequency can lead to new species as time passes. The new species will develop and evolve into new forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The development of a new species is usually due to changes in the environment which allow certain kinds of resources to become available or create new environmental problems. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the availability of various food sources and the need defend themselves from predators. In a larger sense, evolution can be defined as any change in the nature of living organisms over time. The change could be small or even the creation of a new coloration, or even massive, like the creation of a new organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally recognize the importance of genetic change in generating evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution takes place over a long time, often millions of years. However, they differ on the role of various factors in accelerating or retarding the process, like the role of environmental pressures, sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these differences scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that the evidence for this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence comes from fossils which demonstrate the changing features of living organisms over time. Additional evidence can be found in the similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the most effective method of proving evolution. It demonstrates how species are related. Another way to prove it is homologous structures, which share a similar structure in different species, but perform distinct functions like the wings of bats and birds. Evolution is also evident in the fact that different species adapt and grow to similar environments. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans have white fur coats that blend in with snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolution that suggests that the species had common ancestral ancestors. The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are parts of an organism which may have served some purpose in the past. The human appendix for instance is an odour from an organ that was used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they're no longer in use in a process called natural selection. Scientists have also gathered additional evidence for evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six categories: directly observable small-scale changes, biogeographic distribution and comparative anatomy, the fossil record, classification and genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life has occurred. Although many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution It is an established fact. It is not a speculative theory, but a powerful collection that is founded on years of observation. Scientists continue to gather and analyze new data to better understand the arc of Earth's existence, regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes and how to use the resources of our planet. This information will also help us better serve the needs and desires of the people living on this planet.